by the fact that Islam views itself, like Christianity, as a pan-ethnic religion meant for all peoples in all countries. It therefore has been willing to employ violence on a massive scale, as illustrated by the first century of its existence, when the Islamic empire conquered much of the known world. The attitude of Islam toward using violence against non-Muslims is quite clear. Regarding pagans, the Qur’an says: “Slay the idolaters wherever you find them. Arrest them, besiege them, and lie in ambush